Eventually buttons representing helpers will open illustrations and/or diagrams. For now only the first two have helpers. I will try to develop this area in as timely a manner as I can.
Bicycle Terminology
BSD: Bead seat diameter referes specifically to where the bead of the tire should reside once the tire has been installed (and inflated).
Cone: Nut with a conic section that screws onto either end of a wheel hub's axle. With one on each end, the conic sections pointing at each other, they work in conjunction with the cups and the bearings to allow the hub to rotate freely on a plane perpendicular to the axle.
Cup-shaped insert typically pressed into or onto a component such as the wheel hubs, or head tube of the frame. The cups work in conjunction with bearings, and in the case of a hub, the cones.
In the recumbent bicycle world, it is a frame that has a single tube running most of the length of the bicycle, terminated in the front by the boom, and terminated in the back by the chain stays.:
Polished path/ring that bearings make on cones and cups during normal use. It is generally considered unsafe to continue riding with pitted races within the headset, wheel hubs, or bottom bracket since this can result in the bearings braking up into smaller sharp pieces. Typically, pitted cup races in a wheel hub warrant replacement of the entire hub since it is generally not feasible to replace a cup. It can also be a challenge to find replacement cones for less common (i.e. older) hubs, which may also result in replacement of the entire hub.
Vulgar slang for an upright bicycle.
Fabrication Terminology
Metal Inert Gas welding (MIG welding) is a welding process using a wire feed system and an inert gas. Wire suitable for the materials being welded is fed through the electrode while inert gas is blown onto the weld area to prevent oxidation and slag formation. MIG welding can result in more spatter than TIG welding.
Metal subject is sprayed with a fine powder in the color of choice, and then the frame is baked so that the powder melts and bonds to the subject.:
When welding, and especially on dirty or oily metal, molten material will fly away from the welding area and stick to the piece nearby. spatter is generally undesirable.
Tungsten Inert Gas welding (TIG welding) is a welding process where a suitable metal rod is melted onto the weld area using a tungsten-tip electrode while inert gas is blown onto the weld area to prevent oxidation and slag formation. TIG welding is generally considered to be trickier than MIG welding, but skilled artisans can all but eliminate spatter and other irregularities often associated with MIG welding.
Miscellaneous Terminology
Industrial Standards Organization (the) sets standards for various industries, including but not exclusive to bicycle, computer, and construction/fabrication material industries.
Usually a flat piece of metal that catches the latch tounge and protects the door jam.